Kids and Sports

Writing

… spend time -ing
… have a greater chance of -ing

there is less deforestation for farming

One [ main | significant ] advantage of -ing

One of the main disadvantages of -ing is that …

electric cars -> they

contagious disease

can be physically and psychologically healthier

2009/07/14 10:44

[whereas and while]

[Method for Writing Essays about Tables]

(1st Paragraph)

1. Read the question. Change it slightly and use it as a first scentence.
2. Write about the tables (ex. units, countries, years, …).

(2nd Paragraph)

1. Write one or two overall scentence(s). No number is included (except the year).

(3rd Paragraph, …)

1. Write one or two specific paragraph(s). Make them simple.

(Example)

The given table chart gives a breakdown of CO2 emissions in total metric tonnes and on a per capita basis in five  countries: the US, China, Russia, India and Japan.

Overall, most countries increased their production of CO2 during the [ selected | mentioned ] period except for Russia, which decreased significantly. The highest producer of CO2 emission was the US in both categories and both years.

The figures show that four out of five countries increased their total CO2 output during the selected period. …

…

Vocabulary

* hygienic : [adjective] conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease, esp. by being clean
per capita (= each person) : [adverb & adjective] for each person; in relation to people taken individually
Look what the cat dragged in

[METHOD FOR MORDAL CHOISE]

1. Read the question and possible answers.
2. Square around the scanning words. Underline the key words.
3. Try to find which answers seem to be sly.
4. Paraphrase and think synonyms.
5. Read the article. Try to find the answer.

[METHOD FOR YES/NO/NOT GIVEN]

1. Find the scanning words (square around) and the key words (underline).
2. Paraphrase and think synonyms.
3. Try to predict the answers.
4. Do scanning and answer.

[Working Style]

Expressions

• have a fixed schedule
• outsourcing
• low cost labor
• being made redundant

Do you live to work or work to live?

[Unfair working condition]

• doing unpaid overtime
• unhealthy working environment
• no sick leave
• no maternity leave
• no paternity leave
• inadequate break or rest time
• overloaded with work
• having long working hours

Results

• children do not receive enough emotional support and guidance
• work voluntarily
• low-level work place

there is strong demand for a product

• take industrial action against a company
• go to a [union|trade union]

[STRATEGY FOR SUMMARY]

1. Read the summery carefully, sentence by sentence. Understand it. (Try to predict the answer.)
2. Look at the gaps. Identify the word form (noun, singular, plural, verb, adjective, adverb). (Try to predict the answer.)
3. Circle / square around the scanning words (Numbers, Names, Capital letters, Rare nouns, Rare words).
4. Look at in front of and after the gap. Think of synonyms.
5. Paraphrasing: saying the same thing in a different way (active / passive, comparatives / superlatives).
6. Scan for a start point and finish point.

Young people can upskill quickly.
Young people are very visual literate.

Vocabulary

• get work
• find work
• do the kind of work
• do for a living
• make a living
• offered a job
• take on that
• fire from a job
• go on strike
• make redundant : (not as string as it but) fire
• * redundant : [adjective] no longer needed or useful; superfluous
• working conditions
• independent conductor
• economic recession
• * recession : [noun] a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters
• * recede : [verb] go or move back or further away from a previous position
• a receding hairline
• current economic climate
• gain employment
• be fired from
• unskilled workers
• blue colour workers
• white colour workers
• a highly-educated society
• * director : [noun] a person who is in charge of an activity, department, or organization
• * supervise : [verb] observe and direct the execution of (a task, project, or activity)
• * supervisor : [noun]
• personnel officer
• public relations officer
• * spin doctors : [noun] a spokesperson employed to give a favorable interpretation of events to the media, esp. on behalf of a political party
• * surgeon : [noun] a medical practitioner qualified to practice surgery
• * cater : [verb] provide (food and drink), typically at social events and in a professional capacity
• * catering
• * trade (->physical worker) : a skilled job, typically one requiring manual skills and special training
• refuse collector (=garbage collector)
• * refuse : [noun] matter thrown away or rejected as worthless; trash
• to what extent (=how much)
• multi-tasking
• * spontaneous (positive) : [adjective] performed or occurring as a result of a sudden inner impulse or inclination and without premeditation or external stimulus
• * impulsive (negative) : [adjective] acting or done without forethought
• * sensible (=not crazy) : [adjective] (of a person) possessing or displaying prudence
• visual literacy
• * literacy : [noun] the ability to read and write
• * overestimate : [verb] estimate (something) to be better, larger, or more important than it really is
• * exaggerate (=make something bigger than real) : [verb] represent (something) as being larger, greater, better, or worse than it really is
• * duration : [noun] the time during which something continues

[Thesis statement]

• The last 2 statements of the introduction.
• Main idea of the essay.

[Method for Introduction Structure]

Introduction
= General Idea
-> Example
-> Thesis statements

Examples of Introductions

[THE ADVANTAGES OF LEANING ANOTHER LANGUAGE]

There are numerous advantages in learning another language. It should not be surprising that Spanish, Mandarin, and English are becoming increasingly popular as second languages, given that they are so useful. The advantages of learning another languages can be [divided|categorised] into three broad areas: …

Vocabulary

• * hinder : [verb] create difficulties for (someone or something), resulting in delay or obstruction

[Discuss a memorable meal you have once had.]

You should say:

• when you had the meal
• what you had

and explain why it was memorable.

Expressions

• No one liked it except …
• It was the first time I had eaten it.
• It was the first time my eating it.

Writing

[The Method for writing an essay]

1. Read the Topic
2. Brainstorming
3. Apply the structure (Introduction -> Body (1, 2, 3) -> conclusion)

[CAN TOURISM CONTRIBUTE TO INTERNATIONAL UNDERSTANDING?]

(Introduction)

Tourism has a significant role to play in the promotion of international understanding. When people travel they get expose to a wide variety of experiences. It is these experiences that contribute to the breakdown of racism and the international stereotypes. The purpose of this essay is to examine weather tourism can contribute to international understanding.

(Body 1)

(Body 2)

(Body 3)

(Conclusion)

Vocabulary

• authentic : [adjective] of undisputed origin; genuine
• curious : [adjective] eager to know or learn something
• credibility : [noun] the quality of being trusted and believed in